?Oracle数据泵Data Pump导出导入的方法是什么

本篇内容介绍了“Oracle数据泵Data Pump导出导入的方法是什么”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！Oracle数据泵Data Pump导出导入Exp/Imp是Oracle早期推出的数据逻辑备份还原工具，使用简单、功能强大。但是Exp/Imp对一些Oracle新特性支持不是很好，而且对于海量数据备份还原速度还是不能满足要求。于是从10g开始，Oracle推出了数据泵（Data Pump）作为Exp/Imp的升级替代版本。使用Data Pump也是可以进行TTS元数据的导出。下面我们将实验使用Data Pump重新做一次。注意：表空间Read Only配置和相关的检查步骤略过。Data Pump是一个服务端工具，使用的话需要定义directory对象。SQL> create or replace directory TTSDMP 2 as ‘/transtts’;Directory createdSQL> grant read, write on directory ttsdmp to public;Grant succeeded
导出元数据dmp文件。
[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ expdp userid=’/ as sysdba’ transport_tablespaces=ttsind,ttstbl dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp directory=ttsdmp transport_full_check=yExport: Release 11.2.0.1.0 – ProductiON on Mon Nov 19 20:06:33 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting “SYS”.”SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″: userid=”/******** AS SYSDBA” transport_tablespaces=ttsind,ttstbl dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp directory=ttsdmp transport_full_check=y Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLKProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLEProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEXProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLKMaster table “SYS”.”SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is: /transtts/ttsdmp.dmp******************************************************************************Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TTSIND: /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbfDatafiles required for transportable tablespace TTSTBL: /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbfJob “SYS”.”SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully completed at 20:08:02拷贝数据文件。[oracle@bsplinux datafile]$ cp开发云主机域名 /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf /transttscp /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf /transtts[oracle@yjz69_.dbf /transttscp /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bm [oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ pwd/transtts[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ls -ltotal 30888-rw-r–r– 1 oracle oinstall 1402 Nov 19 20:08 export.log-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Nov 19 20:09 o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Nov 19 20:09 o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 106496 Nov 19 20:08 ttsdmp.dmp
标红部分的文件为进行TTS的必要内容。说明：由于我们在相同的环境下进行测试，所以将表空间删除。
SQL> drop tablespace ttstbl including contents and datafiles;Tablespace droppedSQL> drop tablespace ttsind including contents and datafiles;Tablespace droppedSQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like ‘TTS%’;FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME——————————————————————————– ——————————
表空间删除成功。下面进行实际还原过程。
[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ cp o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ cp o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/[oracle@bsplinux datafile]$ ls -l | grep tts-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Nov 19 20:15 o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf-rw-r—– 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Nov 19 20:15 o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf
使用impdp工具导入元数据信息。
[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ impdp userid=’开发云主机域名/ as sysdba’ directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp transport_datafiles=’/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf’,’/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf’
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production on Mon Nov 19 20:18:41 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsMaster table “SYS”.”SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully loaded/unloadedStarting “SYS”.”SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″: userid=”/******** AS SYSDBA” directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp transport_datafiles=/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf,/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLKProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLEProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEXProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLKJob “SYS”.”SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully completed at 20:18:56
此时，表空间已经导回，对应的数据表也能够还原回去。
SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like ‘TTS%’;FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME——————————————————————————– ——————————/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf TTSIND/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf TTSTBL—切换回test用户SQL> select count(*) from test.t; COUNT(*)———- 72348
注意：无论是使用exp/imp还是Data Pump，导入对象对应的owner必须存在并且名称一致。如果不存在owner对象，即使使用Data Pump也不会自动将用户重新创建。7、异平台TTS移植相同平台类型移植，一直是TTS使用的一个前提条件，也是一个很难逾越的屏蔽。这给TTS的使用带来一些限制。比如，我们不能实现从AIX平台到开放Linux平台的迁移。于是，在10g以上的版本中，我们可以突破这个限制。下面我们尝试将一个表空间从AIX平台迁移到Linux平台。在AIX平台上，我们将其作为source database。
SQL> select * from v$version;BANNER——————————————————————————–Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – 64bit ProductionPL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 – ProductionCORE 11.2.0.1.0 ProductionTNS for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 11.2.0.1.0 – ProductionNLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 – ProductionSQL> select count(*),sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from dba_segments where tablespace_name=’NBSPOC’; COUNT(*) SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024———- ——————– 174 286SQL> select file_name, tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name=’NBSPOC’;FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME——————————————————————————– ——————————/nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf NBSPOCNBSPOC表空间中包括174个对象，约286M数据。下面设置表空间Read Only和平台检查。SQL> alter tablespace nbspoc read only;Tablespace alteredSQL> select PLATFORM_NAME from v$database;PLATFORM_NAME——————————AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)
我们从v$transportable_platform视图中，可以看出AIX-Based Systems(64-bit)属于Big类型。而Target目标Linux为Little类型。所以，我们在进行跨平台迁移。注意：跨平台迁移也需要满足字符集相同的要求。元数据导出我们计划使用expdp，所以配置directory对象。oracle:/ftptemp>cd transoracle:/ftptemp/trans>ls -ltotal 0oracle:/ftptemp/trans>pwd/ftptemp/transoracle:/ftptemp/trans>SQL> create directory dmpdir as ‘/ftptemp/trans’;Directory created
检查表空间NBSPOC的依赖性。
SQL> exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check(‘NBSPOC’,true);PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL> select * from transport_set_violations;VIOLATIONS——————————————————————————–
Expdp导出表空间对象元数据信息。
oracle:/ftptemp/trans>=ttspoc.dmp directory=dmpdir transport_full_check=y Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production on Mon Nov 19 14:26:51 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting “SYS”.”SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″: userid=”/******** AS SYSDBA” transport_tablespaces=nbspoc dumpfile=ttspoc.dmp directory=dmpdir transport_full_check=y Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLKProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLEProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEXProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENTProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLKMaster table “SYS”.”SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is: /ftptemp/trans/ttspoc.dmp******************************************************************************Datafiles required for transportable tablespace NBSPOC: /nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbfJob “SYS”.”SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully completed at 14:28:43oracle:/ftptemp/trans>ls -ltotal 19224-rw-r–r– 1 oracle dba 1529 Nov 19 14:28 export.log-rw-r—– 1 oracle dba 9838592 Nov 19 14:28 ttspoc.dmp –大约9M
注意，下面是迁移的关键步骤，我们需要将对应的迁移数据文件Convert到目标平台格式。Oracle推荐使用Rman进行这个工作。
oracle:/ftptemp/trans>rman nocatalogRecovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production on Mon Nov 19 14:36:47 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affilia开发云主机域名tes. All rights reserved.RMAN> connect target /connected to target database: NBSTEST (DBID=2351142467)using target database control file instead of recovery catalogRMAN> convert tablespace ‘NBSPOC’2> to platform=”Linux IA (32-bit)” –目标平台格式（可以查询目标数据库的v$database视图）3> db_file_name_convert=’/nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf’,’/ftptemp/trans/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf’;Starting conversion at source at 19-NOV-12allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=355 device type=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversioninput datafile file number=00014 name=/nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbfconverted datafile=/ftptemp/trans/NBSPOCTBL01.dbfchannel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55Finished conversion at source at 19-NOV-12
从命令行情况看，Rman相当于将指定的数据文件进行转换，拷贝转换过的版本到一个Stage目录上。这样，目录/ftptemp/trans中就已经包括了所有的迁移内容了。
oracle:/ftptemp/trans>ls -ltotal 2067240-rw-r—– 1 oracle dba 1048584192 Nov 19 14:41 NBSPOCTBL01.dbf-rw-r–r– 1 oracle dba 1529 Nov 19 14:28 export.log-rw-r—– 1 oracle dba 9838592 Nov 19 14:28 ttspoc.dmp
转换到Target环境，是一台Linux服务器。
SQL> conn sys/oracle@ora11gp as sysdbaConnected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 Connected as SYSSQL> select PLATFORM_NAME from v$database;PLATFORM_NAME——————————Linux IA (32-bit)
下面就是用FTP将传输文件传输到目标平台，我们使用Linux自带的FTP命令行客户端完成。[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ls -ltotal 0[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ pwd/transtts[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$—调用FTP客户端[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ftpftp> open 10.1.15.66Connected to 10.1.15.66.220 P550_05_LC FTP server (Version 4.2 Wed Dec 23 11:06:15 CST 2009) ready.502 authentication type cannot be set to GSSAPI502 authentication type cannot be set to KERBEROS_V4KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication typeName (10.1.15.66:oracle): oracle331 Password required for oracle.Password:230-Last unsuccessful login: Wed Nov 14 15:35:34 GMT+08:00 2012 on /dev/pts/1 from 10.1.39.109230-Last login: Mon Nov 19 14:24:58 GMT+08:00 2012 on /dev/pts/2 from 10.1.39.62230 User oracle logged in.Remote system type is UNIX.Using binary mode to transfer files.ftp> —切换目录ftp> cd /ftptemp/trans250 CWD command successful.ftp> dir227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,182)150 Opening data connection for /bin/ls.total 2067240-rw-r—– 1 oracle dba 1048584192 Nov 19 14:41 NBSPOCTBL01.dbf-rw-r–r– 1 oracle dba 1529 Nov 19 14:28 export.log-rw-r—– 1 oracle dba 9838592 Nov 19 14:28 ttspoc.dmp226 Transfer complete.ftp> get ttspoc.dmp local: ttspoc.dmp remote: ttspoc.dmp227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,206)150 Opening data connection for ttspoc.dmp (9838592 bytes).226 Transfer complete.9838592 bytes received in 0.85 seconds (1.1e+04 Kbytes/s)ftp> get export.loglocal: export.log remote: export.log227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,211)150 Opening data connection for export.log (1529 bytes).226 Transfer complete.1529 bytes received in 0.17 seconds (9 Kbytes/s)ftp> get NBSPOCTBL01.dbflocal: NBSPOCTBL01.dbf remote: NBSPOCTBL01.dbf227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,228)150 Opening data connection for NBSPOCTBL01.dbf (1048584192 bytes).226 Transfer complete.1048584192 bytes received in 3.6e+02 seconds (2.9e+03 Kbytes/s)ftp> —传输完毕[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ls -ltotal 1034640-rw-r–r– 1 oracle oinstall 1529 Nov 19 21:51 export.log-rw-r–r– 1 oracle oinstall 1048584192 Nov 19 21:58 NBSPOCTBL01.dbf-rw-r–r– 1 oracle oinstall 9838592 Nov 19 21:51 ttspoc.dmp[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$
将拷贝的数据复制到数据文件目录，进行导入元数据步骤。注意，在Target环境中，要首先创建好用户和权限信息。
SQL> create user nbspoc identified by nbspoc;User createdSQL> grant resource, connect to nbspoc;Grant succeeded
导入表空间信息。
[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ impdp userid=’/ as sysdba’ directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttspoc.dmp transport_datafiles=’/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf’Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production on Mon Nov 19 22:13:42 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsMaster table “SYS”.”SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully loaded/unloadedStarting “SYS”.”SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″: userid=”/******** AS SYSDBA” directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttspoc.dmp transport_datafiles=/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLKProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLEProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEXProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENTProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLKJob “SYS”.”SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01″ successfully completed at 22:16:29
设置收尾信息和验证。
SQL> select file_name, tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like ‘NBS%’;FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME——————————————————————————– ——————————/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf NBSPOCSQL> select count(*), sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from dba_segments where tablespace_name=’NBSPOC’; COUNT(*) SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024———- ——————– 174 286SQL> select tablespace_name, status from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name like ‘NBS%’;TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS—————————— ———NBSPOC READ ONLYSQL> alter tablespace nbspoc read write;Tablespace altered迁移成功。那么，还有很多更复杂的情况，比如ASM的引入。在ASM环境下，我们是不能够直接访问到数据文件，拷贝数据文件的（Oracle 11gR2之前）。“Oracle数据泵Data Pump导出导入的方法是什么”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识可以关注开发云网站，小编将为大家输出更多高质量的实用文章！